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The Mowla Bluff Massacre
A major atrocity committed in the Kimberley in 1916 which was
subsequently covered up by police and governments |
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Mowla Bluff is an old station not far from Jarlmadangah on the edge of the Great Sandy Desert. It was one of the earliest of the properties set up by white invaders to run cattle and sheep in the north-west. The early white settlers were well-armed and powerful masters who were virtually a law unto themselves on the new frontiers of the former British colony. Aboriginal resistance was ruthlessly put down with killings, rape, chaining, flogging, and various other atrocities, which were usually overlooked by the police and most of the settlers.
At Mowla Bluff the station manager was particularly brutal and abusive, including sexually, and the tempers of the local men boiled over. The knew the dangers of taking on the white bosses, but perhaps they hoped for some understanding of their situation. If so, they had miscalculated.
Some local men gave the station manager a beating and a spear wound. In reprisal a group of settlers, vigilantes and officials, rounded up a large number of Aboriginal men, women and children and massacred them. The victims were shot and their bodies burned to conceal the crime. Two survivors of that day turned up in Broome years later to get treatment for gunshot wounds, with the bullets still inside them.
They told their story and the incident was reported to the police by the doctor who treated the men and the Broome police 'investigated'. They found there was no evidence of a massacre and the witness statements were buried away in their records. Those files were found eighty years later and they were still in accordance with the local oral history, which maintains that hundreds of people were killed that day at Mowla Bluff.
John Watson said in the book Raparapa: "Only three people survived that massacre. Two were young women that the police saved for the manager at Mowla Bluff station. According to the old fella who told me the story, there must have been three or four hundred people killed that day."
In recent times Mowla Bluff has been used by the community as a site for taking people who have been getting into trouble in the towns and communities to a quiet place where they can dry out and re-orientate themselves, and perhaps to remind them of their history and the significance of their survival. |
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The occupation of Australia involved systematic violence of which there is very little record. In effect it was a 'dirty war', an undeclared, secret and illegal war in the style of the European colonial invasions in many countries around the world in the previous centuries.
Today it is well known that in the times of the Mowla Bluff massacre the politicians in government in Australia, and in many other countries as well, actively suppressed information about the brutal force needed to maintain the semblance of respectability which governemnts demand and which underlines their authority. Things have not changed too much, and politicians are still misleading people about "what really goes on". An example in Western Australia is the promise, and constitutional guarantee, of 1% of Western Australia's state revenue to be devoted to the welfare of the Aboriginal people of the state.
To quote from the 7.30 Report on ABC TV on the 4th of August, 2000, "As a condition for self-rule in the colony, the British Government insisted that once public revenue in WA exceeded 500,000 pounds, 1 per cent was to be dedicated to 'the welfare of the Aboriginal natives' under Section 70 of the Constitution. Over the years, several acts of parliament have been passed to repeal Section 70, but seven years ago a group of Elders from the Pilbara launched a claim that the State had never properly repealed the Section." Assisted by Don McCleod, this appeal had already been in preparation for many years before 1993 as the Elders and McCleod searched for a way to have it accepted before the courts.
Eager for independence the West Australian government of 1897 agreed to this condition, but obviously never intended to honour it, as it was never paid and the new government, after independence was granted, immediately began searching for a way to repeal that part of their constitution. There have been many appeals against the repeal of Section 70 but all have failed.
The corruption and complicity of politicians has led to the inhuman treatment of Aboriginal people in Australia and the denial of natural justice when better policies could have reduced many of the problems Aboriginal people suffer today. Now, as a result of these problems, the state and federal governments of Australia are threatening to close down many of the smaller remote communities as part of their "Intervention" strategy. Jarlmadangah is one of those smaller remote communities and its future is under a cloud once again as politicians make dishonest deals and unwise decisions and continue to try to find policies to deal with Aboriginal welfare while denying the truths of the past and continuing their time-honoured practice of misleading without exactly lying, and denying natural justice without exactly breaking the law. |
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Sources:
The World Today, ABC Radio, 30/10/2000
"Mowla Bluff memorial signals new beginning" by Claire Moody
http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/stories/s205699.htm
The Sydney Morning Herald, 20/5/2002
"Closing the circle on a bloody chapter" by Tony Stephens,
http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2002/05/19/1021801639430.html
Mitch Torres' documentary "Whispering In our Hearts - the Mowla Bluff Massacre"
(Awards : First Peoples Film Festival – Montreal, Human Rights Award, and Tudawali Award for Best Documentary)
7.30 Report, ABC TV, 4th of August, 2000. "Old pledge to Aborigines could cost WA millions"
"Raparapa, Stories from the Fitzroy River Drovers" by Paul Marshall
Available from Magabala Books, Broome. Winner WA Week Literary Award
"How the West was Lost" A book by Don McCleod
http://strelleynomadgroup.com/htwwl_f.html
and a film by David Noakes and Heather Williams, available from Ronin Films
http://www.roninfilms.com.au/feature/587.html
Aboriginal Law Bulletin : http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AboriginalLB/1995/36.html |
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